As a harmony and counterpoint teacher with 10 years of experience I'd never advice a beginner to start with Schönberg. There are plenty of easier books to start to learn tonality and simple modulations. Some theoretical explanations are very easy to understand.
Green, your thinking of chords being merely an accidents for polyphonic writing is wrong. Most of classical music of late 18th century established a chord as a basic thing of tonal progression. Mozart's symphony in g minor is very homophonic in nature, based on harmonic progression and little of separate independent voice leading.